Blog Post

Cost Control – Being every job is separate and each job has special characteristics and the job is not standardised so cost control is difficult. Transfer – In the contract costing every contract is separate and independent from each job or contract. Problems related to joint products and by-products. The products require further processing to finish them into more useful and valuable products. Apportionment on a suitable basis – Where by-products are of major importance, cost should be apportioned on the most suitable basis, i.e. To decide whether to produce or to purchase the product of process from the market is profitable or not.

Costs incurred to finish this opening WIP are added to the opening WIP cost to arrive at the total cost of completed units of opening WIP at which it is transferred to the subsequent process. The process costing of each process provides the base for the valuation of opening stock and closing stock of each next process. As the cost of production of the previous process is considered the cost per unit of opening as well as closing stock of the next process. Equivalent Units – In order to obtain accurate average cost, it is necessary to measure the production at various stages of manufacture.

Process Costing – Meaning of Operation Costing

The opening stock is shown on the debit side of the account prepared for the process concerned while the closing stock is shown on its credit side. In the above situation, process A will be credited with Rs.20 being the scrap value for 10 units . It should be noted from cost data given above that actual loss in the process will not be 10 units. It will be 5 units, i.e., input of 100 units—output of 95 units. Therefore, Rs.20 credited to process account will not be realised in full.

• With processing, it is difficult to establish how much of each material, and exactly how much time is in each unit of finished product.
• Under process costing, there is a finished product at each stage.
• Normal production is represented by input minus normal loss relating the performance.

Rate arrived at by step No. 3 should be applied for valuation of both unit repre­senting abnormal loss and output of the process. In a case like this losses up to 5% of input will be categorised as normal loss of the process. The cost of normal loss in process is absorbed as additional cost by good production in the process. This difficulty will always be experienced, when work done is represented both by finished and unfinished units. To avoid this difficulty, work done on unfinished units is expressed in terms of equivalent completed units, 100 units, which are half finished with regard to material, labour and overhead.

You must cCreate an account to continue watching

A weighted average of units means the summation of the product of the rate and quantity of each item. Process Costing helps companies make critical decisions based on accurate information. It allows companies to track product cost performance by production location or department—information that can be used to help determine which products are most profitable. process costing The main benefit of Process Costing is that it provides information that can be used to make critical business decisions. For example, managers using this system can assess profit margin by product and isolate problem products before they become major issues. Process Costing also allows companies to set prices according to production costs.

• Unfinished units at the end of the period are expressed in equivalent production units.
• Cost unit – Each distinct process of the production is cost unit.
• Each part of the vehicle is mass produced, and its cost is calculated with process costing.
• Typically, the cost per unit for each process will be calculated separately for direct materials and conversion costs.
• When goods are produced through mass production, they pass through various processes, and each process has different costs.
• The first step is to determine the number of units that are complete and the number of units that are incomplete.

Work done in process is represented by completed units as well as partly finished units. The difficulty experienced in allocating the cost, when work done is expressed both in terms of finished units and unfinished units, can be visualised by comparative study of statements in case A and https://www.bookstime.com/ case B. The statement showing physical flow of units will also indicate normal or abnormal loss. Separate products are produced, but the second product uses some of the first product in its manufacturing operations. In a fertiliser plant, acid phosphate is produced in one department.

Activity-Based Costing

A process costing system is a method typically used within certain sectors of the manufacturing industry to determine the total production cost for each unit of product. It accumulates cost from each process or department and allocates them to the individual products produced. Furthermore, job costing and vs process costing are good examples of cost accounting systems that assist firms to keep track of all the costs that relate to producing a product or providing a service.

The process costing system has five steps that are applicable to allocating appropriate costs to inventory at the beginning, and at the conclusion of an accounting or production period. This strategy substitutes actual costs with an anticipated standard cost for each process stage.

Examples of Process Cost Accounting

Process costing is useful or found to be most suitable for industries engaged in continuous manufacture of products in bulk in which the units of products are uniform and cannot be differentiated. They also need to know the costs to determine when a new product should be added or an old product removed from production. The following are the examples of industries where process costing is applied.